RAND drew on data from its study of the Wallace-funded Partnerships for Social and Emotional Learning Initiative. The initiative involved more than 100 out-of-school-time (OST) programs in six communities—Boston; Dallas; Denver; Palm Beach County, Fla.; Tacoma; and Tulsa. Data included more than 120 interviews with OST program staff and leaders and coaches from OST intermediary organizations; 1,200 surveys of OST program staff; 1,200 observations of OST activities (e.g., arts sessions, sports and games, homework time), and documents from more than 100 OST providers in six communities between the 2017–2018 and 2022–2023 school years.