Study findings are based on a nationally representative survey about summer 2019. Participants were randomly-selected adults who live in the U.S. and are parents or guardians of a school-age child who lives in their household.

The survey included at least 200 interviews in every state and the District of Columbia.  Researchers surveyed a total of 29,595 households in English or Spanish. This included 53,287 children.    

Data from interviews is weighted on race and income within states and by state population. The overall margin of error for child-level and household-level data is +/- < 1 percent. Data was collected between January 27 and March 17, 2020 by Edge Research.