Although the researchers focus on lessons learned about system-building to improve school leadership, their recommendations are intended to be helpful to anyone engaged in developing closer working relationships between states and districts that can result in better aligned policies for improving education.

Early Steps

• Consider local contexts and address the challenges they pose.
• Identify strong lead organizations and individuals.
• Capitalize on external funding and expertise.

Implementation Phase

• Build trust and mend fences.
• Engage a broad coalition of stakeholders.
• Hone skills at applying pressure while providing support.
• Recognize innovative districts as "lead learners."
• Connect school leadership efforts to standards and to other reforms in the state.

Evaluation, Sustainment, and Expansion

• Solidify programs and funding through legislation and regulations.
• Engage in continuous learning and improvement.
• Commit to engaging in this work over the long term.